Episode 20

Recent News

1. “Drought Exposes Ancient Rock Carvings in Brazil,” Smithsonian Magazine, October 27, 2023, https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/severe-drought-in-the-amazon-reveals-ancient-face-carvings-180983143/

2. “Scientists Just Discovered a New Human Sense of Touch,” Science Alert, November 1, 2023, https://www.sciencealert.com/scientists-just-discovered-a-new-human-sense-of-touch

3. “Polish archaeologists find remains of 17th-century woman and child padlocked in their graves,” CNN, October 30, 2023, https://www.cnn.com/2023/10/30/europe/padlocked-skeletons-archaeologists-poland-intl-scli-scn/index.html

4. “Archaeologists In Germany Just Unearthed A 400-Year-Old Skeleton That Had A Prosthetic Hand,” All That’s Interesting, November 1, 2023, https://allthatsinteresting.com/freisling-germany-prosthetic-hand

Old News

1. Alexa. “Being Buried Alive was so Common in the Victorian Era that Doctors Used these 10 Methods to Prevent it.” History Collection. 12/23/2017. https://historycollection.com/buried-alive-common-victorian-era-doctors-used-10-methods-prevent/. Accessed 9/19/2023.

2. “An Account of the Experiment of Transfusion, Practised upon a Man in London.” 1667; Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, London. 12/9/1667. https://publicdomainreview.org/collection/arthur-coga-s-blood-transfusion-1667/. Accessed 9/21/2023.

3. Baker, Naomi. “Ghost-Bride on Headless Horse is Riding Again!” The San Diego Union-Tribune. 12/2/1934. https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/news/local-history/story/2020-10-16/from-the-archives-ghostly-legends-at-vallecito-get-a-boost-during-restoration-work. Accessed 9/20/2023.

4. Boman, Sanna. “In Vallecito County Park, a Historic Former Stage Station is Now a Haunted Desert Campground.” Roadtrippers. https://roadtrippers.com/magazine/vallecito-county-park-california/. Accessed 9/20/2023.

5. “Butterfield Stage.” HistoryTrove.com. 2/26/2019. https://historytrove.com/category/butterfield-stage/. Accessed 9/20/2023.

6. Carlton, Genevieve. “The Bizarre Saga of the Guy who Got a Sheep’s Blood Transfusion and Became Convinced he was a Sheep.” Ranker. Updated 9/23/2021. https://www.ranker.com/list/arthur-coga-sheep-blood-transfusion/genevieve-carlton. Accessed 9/21/2023.

7. Chapin, H. Gerald. “Society for Prevention of This Greatly Dreaded Horror Organized to Work in Scientific and Systematic Way—Suggested Remedies.” Democrat and Chronicle. 8/26/1900. https://www.newspapers.com/image/135246008/?terms=Le%20Karnice&match=1. Accessed 9/19/2023.

8. “Civil War Casualties.” American Battlefield Trust. 11/16/2012. Updated 9/15/2023. https://www.battlefields.org/learn/articles/civil-war-casualties. Accessed 9/21/2023.

9. “Civil War Facts: 1861-1865.” National Park Service. https://www.nps.gov/civilwar/facts.htm. Accessed 9/21/2023.

10. Elder, Angela Esco. “Civil War Widows.” Essential Civil War Curriculum. https://www.essentialcivilwarcurriculum.com/civil-war-widows.html. Accessed 9/21/2023.

11. Faust, Drew Gilpin. “Death and Dying.” National Park Service. https://www.nps.gov/nr/travel/national_cemeteries/death.html#:~:text=The%20number%20of%20soldiers%20who,and%20the%20Korean%20War%2C%20combined. Accessed 9/21/2023.

12. Groom, Nick. “The (Mis)Fortune of “Coga the Sheep.” Yale University Press. 10/30/2020. https://yalebooks.yale.edu/2020/10/30/the-misfortune-of-coga-the-sheep/#:~:text=Coga%2C%20a%2032%2Dyear%2D,blood%20transfusion%20from%20a%20lamb.. Accessed 9/21/2023.

13. “Helen Jackson.” The Missouri Cherry Blossom Festival in Marshfield, Missouri. 2018. https://www.cherryblossomfest.com/WordPress/?page_id=2246. Accessed 9/21/2023.

14. Keller, Rudi. “Last Known Widow of a Civil War Veteran Dies in Marshfield.” Missouri Independent. 1/7/2021. https://missouriindependent.com/briefs/last-known-widow-of-a-civil-war-veteran-dies-in-marshfield/#:~:text=The%20last%20known%20living%20link,woman%20who%20had%20never%20married.. Accessed 9/21/2023.

15. “Lincoln’s Second Inaugural Address.” National Park Service. https://www.nps.gov/linc/learn/historyculture/lincoln-second-inaugural.htm. Accessed 9/21/2023.

16. “Longest Voluntary Burial.” Guinness World Records. https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/114929-longest-voluntary-burial. Accessed 9/19/2023.

17. “Many Deaths in Grave.” Chicago Tribune. 12/20/1899. https://www.newspapers.com/image/349844145/?fcfToken=eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJmcmVlLXZpZXctaWQiOjM0OTg0NDE0NSwiaWF0IjoxNjk1MTA2NDI0LCJleHAiOjE2OTUxOTI4MjR9.M_rlxvJE68rNKwZds0S5uk1KVTg3PpgFmqYq29_RxsI. Accessed 9/19/2023.

18. McCarthy, John. “Nations Only Civil War Pensioner Collects $73 a Month From VA.” Florida Today. 8/24/2017. Updated 8/25/2017. https://www.floridatoday.com/story/news/2017/08/24/one-n-c-woman-still-receiving-civil-war-pension/594982001/. Accessed 9/21/2023.

19. “Phantoms of Vallecito Stage Station, California.” Legends of America. Updated October 2019. https://www.legendsofamerica.com/ca-vallecito/. Accessed 9/20/2023.

20. Pollard, Justin. “The Eccentric Engineer: the Life and Death of the Strange Safety Coffin.” Engineering and Technology. 11/13/2020. https://eandt.theiet.org/content/articles/2020/11/the-eccentric-engineer-the-life-and-death-of-the-strange-safety-coffin/. Accessed 9/19/2023.

21. Prechtel-Kluskens, Claire. ““A Reasonable Degree of Promptitude” Civil War Pension Application Processing, 1861-1885.” National Archives. Spring 2010, Vol. 42, No. 1. https://www.archives.gov/publications/prologue/2010/spring/civilwarpension.html#:~:text=The%20act%20of%20July%2014,for%20the%20performance%20of%20%22any. Accessed 9/21/2023.

22. Roos, Dave. “How Safety Coffins Eased Grave Fears of Premature Burial.” How Stuff Works. Updated 6/9/2023. https://science.howstuffworks.com/science-vs-myth/afterlife/premature-burial-safety-coffins.htm. Accessed 9/19/2023.

23. Sethna, Dhun. “William Harvey Revolutionized Our Understanding of Circulation.” The Scientist. 9/12/2022. https://www.the-scientist.com/reading-frames/william-harvey-revolutionizes-understanding-of-circulation-70437. Accessed 9/21/2023.

24. Tarazano, D. Lawrence. “People Feared Being Buried Alive So Much They Invented These Special Safety Coffins.” Smithsonian Magazine. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/sponsored/people-feared-being-buried-alive-so-much-they-invented-these-special-safety-coffins-180970627/. Accessed 9/19/2023.

25. “Vallecito’s Ghost Bride.” Oakland Tribune. 12/9/1934. https://www.newspapers.com/image/143035367/?terms=%22ghost%20bride%22&match=1. Accessed 9/20/2023.

26. Voon, Claire. “Le Karnice, the Victorian Coffin Designed to Save Lives.” Mental Floss. 10/19/2016. https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/87575/le-karnice-victorian-coffin-designed-save-lives. Accessed 9/19/2023.

27. “Woman Believed to be Last Remaining Widow of US Civil War Soldier Dies.” The Guardian. 1/8/2021. https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2021/jan/08/last-civil-war-widow-dies-helen-viola-jackson. Accessed 9/21/2023.

28. Yale, Elizabeth. “First Blood Transfusion: A History.” JSTOR Daily. 4/22/2015. https://daily.jstor.org/first-blood-transfusion/. Accessed 9/21/2023.

29. “Dircks and Pepper: A Tale of Two Ghosts.” Skulls in the Stars. 12/20/2016. https://skullsinthestars.com/2016/12/20/dircks-and-pepper-a-tale-of-two-ghosts/. Accessed 11/6/2023.

30. Hogg, Trevor. “The History of Peppers Ghost.” Light Field Lab. 4/7/2022. https://www.lightfieldlab.com/blogposts/the-history-of-peppers-ghost. Accessed 11/6/2023.

31. Maguire, Evelyn. “The Science Behind a Famous Victorian Illusion: Pepper’s Ghost.” Cape May MAC Newsfeed. Medium.com. 6/7/2022. https://capemaynewsfeed.medium.com/the-science-behind-a-famous-victorian-illusion-peppers-ghost-def014c65cda. Accessed 11/6/2023.

32. “￡12,000 in 1860 -> 2023 | UK Inflation Calculator.” Official Inflation Data, Alioth Finance. 11/2/2023. https://www.officialdata.org/1860-GBP-in-2017?amount=12000. Accessed 11/6/2023.

33. Rossen, Jake. “How ‘Pepper’s Ghost’ Became the Toast of Victorian London.” Mental Floss. 10/6/2020. https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/631857/peppers-ghost-optical-illusion-the-toast-of-victorian-london. Accessed 11/6/2023.

34. “Royal Polytechnic Institution.” London Remembers. https://www.londonremembers.com/subjects/royal-polytechnic-institution. Accessed 11/6/2023.

35. Secord, J.A. “Quick and Magical Shaper of Science.” Science. Vol 297, Issue 5587. 9/6/2002. Pp.1648-1649. https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.297.5587.1648. Accessed 11/6/2023.

36. Tietz, Tabea. “John Henry Pepper and Pepper’s Ghost.” SciHi Blog. 6/17/2017. http://scihi.org/john-henry-pepper-peppers-ghost/. Accessed 11/6/2023.

Our Big Story

1. Britannica, T. Editors of Encyclopaedia. "William Thornton." Encyclopedia Britannica, May 16, 2023. https://www.britannica.com/biography/William-Thornton. Accessed 9/20/2023. 

2. Carleton, Genevieve. “This Doctor Actually Tried to Resurrect George Washington From the Dead With Lamb’s Blood.” Ranker. 9/23/2021. https://www.ranker.com/list/george-washington-lamb-blood-resurrection/genevieve-carlton. Accessed 9/20/23. 

3. Carlton, Genevieve. “The Shocking True Story of George Washington’s Death, from Bloodletting to Beetles.” All That Is Interesting. 11/20/2021. Updated 2/2/2022. https://allthatsinteresting.com/how-did-george-washington-die. Accessed 6/29/2022. 

4. “The Death of George Washington.” George Washington’s Mount Vernon. https://www.mountvernon.org/library/digitalhistory/digital-encyclopedia/article/the-death-of-george-washington/. Accessed 6/28/2022. 

5. “Dr. William Thornton.” Architect of the Capitol. https://www.aoc.gov/about-us/history/architects-of-the-capitol/dr-william-thornton. Accessed 9/20/23. 

6. Markel, Howard, Dr. “Dec. 14, 1799: The Excruciating Final Hours of President George Washington”. 12/14/2014. https://www.pbs.org/newshour/health/dec-14-1799-excruciating-final-hours-president-george-washington. Accessed 6/28/2022. 

7. Thompson, Mary V. “Death Defied.” Mount Vernon. https://www.mountvernon.org/george-washington/death/death-defied-dr-thorntons-radical-idea-of-bringing-george-washington-back-to-life/. Accessed 9/20/2023.