Episode 15: Courage
“A Strike for Freedom,” Detroit Free Press, December 17, 1893.
“A Strike for Freedom”; “A Rebel Steamer Run Away With,” Philadelphia Inquirer, May 19, 1862.
Blassingame, John W. Slave Testimony: Two Centuries of Letters, Speeches, Interviews, and Autobiographies. (Louisiana State University Press, 2009).
“Bombardment of Fort Sumter!” Charleston Mercury, April 13, 1861.
“Capt. Robert Smalls Addresses the General Conference of 1864, Daniel A. Payne, Presiding,” The A.M.E. Church Review 70 (1955).
Civil War hero Robert Smalls seized the opportunity to be free, The Washington Post, https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/civil-war-hero-robert-smalls-seized-the-opportunity-to-be-free/2012/02/23/gIQAcGBtmR_story.html
Colonel Tye, Black Loyalists: Our History, Our People, https://blackloyalist.com/cdc/people/secular/tye.htm
Lineberry, Cate. Be Free or Die: the Amazing Story of Robert Smalls' Escape from Slavery to Union Hero. (Picador, 2018).
Guthrie James M., Camp-Fires of the Afro-American (Philadelphia: Afro-American, 1899).
Lowell (MA) Daily Citizen and News, January 25, 1865.
Miller, Edward A. Gullah Statesman: Robert Smalls from Slavery to Congress, 1839-1915. (University Of South Carolina Press, 2008).
Powers, Bernard Edward. Black Charlestonians: a Social History, 1822-1885. (University of Arkansas Press, 1994).
Robert Smalls Biography, Biography, https://www.biography.com/political-figure/robert-smalls
Robert Smalls, National Park Service, https://www.nps.gov/people/robert-smalls.htm
Robert Smalls, National Underground Railroad Freedom Center, https://freedomcenter.org/content/robert-smalls
Robert Smalls, American Battlefield Trust, https://www.battlefields.org/learn/biographies/robert-smalls
“Robert Small Commanding His Own Vessel,” Evening Post (New York, NY), December 14, 1863.
“Speech of Hon. Morrow B. Lowry, of Erie,” The Liberator, February 3, 1865.
“Steadman [sic] and Fullerton Tour,” New York Tribune, June 7, 1866; “The Bureau,” New York Herald, June 2, 1866.
“The Deed of a Slave,” Plaindealer (Topeka, KS), October 23, 1903.
“The Escape of the Steamer Planter to the Enemy’s Fleet,” Charleston Daily Courier, May 14, 1862.
The Shaw Memorial, National Park Service, https://www.nps.gov/saga/learn/historyculture/the-shaw-memorial.htm
“The Steamer Planter,” New York Times, August 15, 1862.
The Thrilling Tale of How Robert Smalls Seized a Confederate Ship and Sailed it to Freedom, Smithsonian, https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/thrilling-tale-how-robert-smalls-heroically-sailed-stolen-confederate-ship-freedom-180963689/
W. B. McKee to Wade Hampton, no date, Records of Governor Wade Hampton III, Letters Received and Sent, 1876–78, S 519009, box 14, folder 14, South Carolina Department of Archives and History, Columbia.
Which Slave Sailed Himself to Freedom?, PBS, https://www.pbs.org/wnet/african-americans-many-rivers-to-cross/history/which-slave-sailed-himself-to-freedom/
1740 Slave Code of South Carolina, Duhaime.org, http://www.duhaime.org/LawMuseum/LawArticle-1494/1740-Slave-Code-of-South-Carolina.aspx
The 54th Massachusetts Infantry, History.com, https://www.history.com/topics/american-civil-war/the-54th-massachusetts-infantry